宾语从句是一个常见的语法结构,在英语中经常用来作为主句的宾语。宾语从句通常由连词that,whether,if,who,whom,whose,what,when,where,why,how等引导。宾语从句可以用来说明主句中的动作、状态、感觉、想法等内容,从而丰富了句子的表达方式。宾语从句的常见用法包括表示目的、原因、结果、条件、时间、地点、方式等。同时,宾语从句也可以承担各种不同的语法功能,如名词从句、形容词从句、副词从句等。因此,掌握宾语从句的常用用法对于提高英语写作和口语表达水平都是非常重要的。
宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。
概念
假如一个句子作谓语动词的宾语的话,我们把这个宾语叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句的完整结构是“主句+引导词+从句”。
Eg: He said that he visit his teacher last year
引导词
通常引导陈述句的引导词是“that”
引导一般疑问句的引导词是“if”和“whether”
引导特殊疑问句的引导词则是众多的特殊疑问代词或疑问副词, what who when 等。
Eg: He asked me if (whether) I was a teacher.
直接引语变成宾语从句
直接引语:直接引用别人说的话
间接引语:转达别人说的话
直接引语变成宾语从句,如果冒号,引号里是陈述句形式,要用“that”引导,同时从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,地点状语等都要发生相应的变化。
人称的变化:遵循一主二宾三不变
"一主"是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
如:She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go withher.
"二宾"是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如:He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then
"三不变"是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
如:Mr Smith said. "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker
时态变化(从句的时态向前倒一个时态)
一般现在时——一般过去时
一般过去时——现在完成时
现在进行时——过去进行时
一般将来时——过去将来时
现在完成时——过去完成时
过去完成时——过去完成时
Eg: She said. "I have lost a pen."
→She said she had lost a pen现在完成时——过去完成时
She said. "He will go to see his friend".
→She said he would go to see his friend一般将来时——过去将来时
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
1.直接引语是客观真理。(地球围着太阳公转,月亮影响潮汐)
"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
2.直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John
where he was going when he met him in the street。
3.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 21,1980。
4.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。如:
He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to, had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。如:
Peter said. "You had better come here today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。
状语变化
直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规律,时间状语由"现在"改为"原来"(例:now变为then,yesterday变为 the day before,地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由"此"改为"彼"(例:this 改为that),
如:He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his
this——that
these——those
now——then
today——that day
yesterday——the day before
yesterday morning——the morning before
the day before yesterday——two days before
tomorrow——the next/follow day
tomorrow evening——the next/follow evening
this week——that week
last week——the week before
here——there
come——go
bring——take
变句型
1.直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She said, "Our bus will
arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
2.直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim.
"You have finished the homework, haven't you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" he asked.→He asked me if I went to school by busor by bike.
3.直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner.
Eg: I don't know whom you should depend on.
4.直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。
如:"Don't make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not tomake any noise. "
Bring me a cup of tea, please," she said.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
5.直接引语如果是以"Let's"开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用"suggest "
如:He said, "Let's go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.
或: He suggested that they should go to see the film.
那年盛夏
好期待能通过这篇文章彻底搞懂宾语从句,加油!
2024-02-03 21:13
鹏翔
宾语从句一直是我学习语法时的难点,期待能找到更多的技巧和窍门。
2024-02-03 20:58
对回忆说晚安。
我一直对宾语从句的使用感到困惑,希望这篇文章能带给我新的启发。
2024-02-03 20:42
幸福、是逗号
这个话题很实用,希望能讲解更多实例,方便大家理解。
2024-02-03 20:27
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